Definition

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Prevalence

8-10% of children and 4-5% of adults worldwide have ADHD (WHO, 2018)

Symptoms

Inattention

• Difficulty sustaining focus
• Disorganization and forgetfulness
• Struggling to follow instructions
• Avoiding tasks requiring mental effort

Hyperactivity

• Fidgeting or restlessness
• Excessive running, climbing, or talking
• Difficulty engaging in quiet leisure activities
• Feeling constantly “on the go”

Impulsivity

• Interrupting others
• Blurting out answers
• Difficulty waiting for one’s turn
• Impulsive spending or reckless behavior

Types

• Predominantly Inattentive Type (ADHD-PI)
• Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type (ADHD-PH)
• Combined Type (ADHD-C)

Causes/Risk Factors

• Genetics
• Brain structure/function differences
• Environmental factors (prenatal exposure to toxins)
• Family history

Diagnosis

• Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation (Vanderbilt Assessment Scale)
• Medical evaluation (sleep disorders, vision problems)
• Behavioral observations

Treatment/Interventions

• Medications (stimulants, non-stimulants)
• Behavioral Therapy (BT)
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Social Skills Training
• Lifestyle changes (exercise, sleep hygiene)

Accommodations/Strategies

• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
• Section 504 Accommodations
• Break tasks into smaller steps
• Use visual reminders and schedules
• Provide physical activity breaks

Om Sai Child Development Center’s Approach

• Multidisciplinary team (OT, PT, Speech, Psychology)
• Comprehensive assessment and diagnosis
• Individualized treatment plans
• Family-centered care and education
• Ongoing monitoring and adjustments

By understanding ADHD and its effects, We provides supportive and tailored interventions to help children and families manage symptoms and thrive.