Definition

Specific Learning Disability (SLD) refers to a neurological disorder that affects an individual’s ability to process, understand, and retain information, despite average or above-average intelligence.

Types

• Dyslexia (Reading Disability)
• Dysgraphia (Writing Disability)
• Dyscalculia (Math Disability)
• Dyspraxia (Motor Skills Disability)
• Language-Based Learning Disability

Symptoms

• Difficulty reading, writing, or math
• Reversals (e.g., b/d, p/q)
• Slow processing speed
• Struggling with organization and time management
• Difficulty with comprehension and retention

Causes/Risk Factors

• Genetics
• Brain structure/function differences
• Prenatal or perinatal complications
• Environmental factors (e.g., lead exposure)
• Family history

Diagnosis

• Comprehensive psychological evaluation
• Achievement tests (e.g., Woodcock-Johnson)
• Cognitive assessments (e.g., WISC-V)
• Observations and teacher reports

Accommodations/Strategies

• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)
• Section 504 Accommodations
• Assistive Technology (e.g., text-to-speech software)
• Modified assignments and assessments
• Extra time and support

Interventions

• Multisensory Instruction
• Orton-Gillingham Approach
• Wilson Reading System
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
• Occupational Therapy (OT)

Om Sai Child Development Center’s Approach

• Multidisciplinary team (Psychology, OT, PT, Speech)
• Comprehensive assessment and diagnosis
• Individualized treatment plans
• Family-centered care and education
• Ongoing monitoring and adjustments

Strategies for Parents/Caregivers

• Encourage self-advocacy
• Break tasks into smaller steps
• Use visual aids and reminders
• Provide emotional support
• Collaborate with teachers and therapists